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Effective Integration of Technology at America’s Choice at SAND
 * Performance Improvement Intervention Project: **

=Executive Summary =

=Problem Summary =  The Federal No Child Left Behind Act (2002) requires schools to measure and assess the impact of technology in their classrooms. America’s Choice at SAND School (SAND) is a public K-8 school located in Hartford, CT. SAND is experiencing difficulty effectively integrating technology in the classroom. All classrooms have portable SMART boards, projectors, assess to high-speed wireless and wired Internet, and at least 3 computers. The teachers have additional access to a document camera, 4 digital cameras, and 20 iPod touches. Unfortunately, a recent survey by the school’s newly formed Technology Committee shows that only 20% of teachers reported using their SMART boards on a daily basis. Indicating that current technology is not being effectively integrated in the classroom. =Background of Organization =  SAND is located in the South Arsenal neighborhood in the north end of Hartford, CT. The school was originally a series of 12 multi-instructional areas (MIAs) located throughout the neighborhood, giving the school its original name SAND (South Arsenal Neighborhood District) Everywhere School. In 1994, a new building was built and the 12 MIAs were housed in the same building for the first time since the school was created.  Because of low academic performance on state-mandated standardized test, the Hartford Board of Education decided in 2008 to redesign the school. In the spring of 2009, the Board formally approved the school’s redesign plan that called for the school to adopt the America’s Choice reform model. The AC model is a comprehensive reform model developed to turn around struggling students. The model has a five-prong approach: Along with this five-prong approach, the AC model also emphasizes a workshop model in all subject matters (America’s Choice, 2012). The model was initially successful. In the 2009-2010 school year, SAND School made significant improvements on the Connecticut Mastery Tests. This success prompted then principal, Desi Nesmith to invest in several technology initiatives for the school. Although the technology was purchased, there was no formal professional development offered for teachers.  Unfortunately, SAND’s success was short-lived. In the 2010-2011 school year, after facing a turn over in administration, the school failed to make annual yearly progress. This lead the School Governance Council to hire a new principal, Dr. Sylvia Hall.  Presently, the South Arsenal neighborhood is home to approximately 7,890 people. The neighborhood has a strong Puerto Rican heritage with nearly 50% of residents identifying with this ethnic background (Hartford Public Library, 2012). The school is centrally located within the neighborhood and a vast majority of students live within walking district. Nearly 100% of the students at SAND are minorities. 35.7% are black and 64% are Hispanic. More than 95% of the students qualify for free or reduced lunch (Achieve Hartford, 2010). // Additional Information // Hartford Public Schools: [] America’s Choice at SAND School: [] America’s Choice: []
 * 1) <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 12pt;">Creating a standards-based system with assessments that monitor progress and inform instruction
 * 2) <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 12pt;">Aligning instruction to standards and focusing teaching on moving students from where they are to where they need to b
 * 3) <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 12pt;">Strengthening instructional leadership
 * 4) <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 12pt;">Building professional learning communities
 * 5) <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 12pt;">Engaging parents and the community

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Stakeholders and Decision Makers:
<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 12pt;"> The primary stakeholders of this invention plan are the students of SAND school. Others who will be impacted by this plan include: teachers, staff, administrators, parents and family members of SAND school. SAND School principal Dr. Sylvia Hall and the school’s Technology Committee will be responsible for the implementation of the intervention plan. =<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Performance Gap: Cause Analysis = <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 12pt;"> SAND School is not effectively integrating technology into daily lessons in order to prepare students for Common Core standards and meet NCLB mandates. The school is does not have an integrated technology plan and is not meeting the educational technology standards defined by the International Society for Technology in Education.

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Actual Current Performance
<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 12pt;"> Technology exists within the school building. According to a survey conducted by the Technology Committee the present technology in the building is not being used effectively. Approximately 20% of classroom teachers presently use their SMART board daily; 40% use their SMART board occasionally (2-3 times per week) and 40% use their SMART board rarely (0-1 times per week). Computers in the classroom are used most often for 60% district mandated test prep, 20% recess, 10% class projects, 10% other educational sites. Technology usage is not addressed in the school's mission statement. There is a technology committee that was recently formed in November 2011.

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Desired Performance
<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 12pt;"> Teachers will use technology frequently and on a daily basis. All lesson plans will incorporate some type of technology. Teachers and students will be made aware of the National Education Technology Standards (ISTE, 2007) and the staff of the school will work towards gaining a proficiency level in these standards. The technology committee will routinely host professional development session centered on technology integration.

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Performance Gap
<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 12pt;"> The performance gap exists between an inconsistent and ineffective use of technology and a cohesive, effective use of technology. Presently, the staff of the school is not preparing students for the 21st century workforce and educational landscape. Students are not being taught important 21st century skills. The administration of the school is not providing quality professional development focused on technology integration. The school also lacks a comprehensive technology integration plan.

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Cause Analysis
<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 12pt;"> There are several causes attributing to this performance gap. This first is effective technology. Presently, the school claims to have SMART Boards in every classroom. However, upon further investigation it is clear that many of these SMART Boards are in poor condition and simply do not work. The same is true for the student computers located in the classroom. Teachers have become reluctant to use the existing technology because it is broken and they do not have the skill set or the time to repair it. <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 12pt;"> Secondly, teachers are not getting professional development hours in effective technology integration. The school and the district has not held any professional development sessions centered on technology during the 2011-2012 school year. There are no immediate plans to hold technology professional development session at SAND School. In addition to the lack of professional development, there appears to be a lack of interest in technology professional development in the building as well. There were two informal technology professional development sessions held during a teacher workday. The first session had 30% attendance by the staff and the second session had 10% attendance. <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 12pt;"> Finally, the school does not have a technology integration plan in effect. The school has a goal of teachers using technology, but there are no guidelines for how and what technology should be integrated. Having a plan of this magnitude would set a clear vision and establish expectations for teachers regarding the integration of technology in the classroom =<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Organizational History and Background =

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Goals
<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 12pt;"> SAND School has three goals, which directly align to Hartford Public Schools 2011-2012 Strategic Operating Plan: <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 12pt;"> In addition to these district goals, the school has established 13 school specific goals. Of those 13 goals, two are directly related to this intervention plan:
 * 1) <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 12pt;">Third Grade Promise: All students who enter an HPS school will be reading at or above grade level by the end of third grade.
 * 2) <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 12pt;">Middle Years Redesign: All middle grades students will demonstrate sustained performance goals that will prepare them for the rigor of a college-ready high school curriculum.
 * 3) <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 12pt;">College Readiness: All students earning a HPS diploma will demonstrate college readiness.
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 12pt;">100% of students obtaining a level 4 on the Connecticut Mastery Test will maintain or increase to a level 5 though the use of several effective teaching strategies. These will include:
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 12pt;">Hands on Learning Opportunities
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 12pt;">Great use of Technology
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 12pt;">Smart Board use in every classroom
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 12pt;">Weekly computer lab time
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 12pt;">Integrated technology instruction
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 12pt;">100% of instructional staff will provide academic opportunities to meet individual needs of all students in class through:
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 12pt;">Differentiated instruction
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 12pt;">Centers
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 12pt;">Enrichment
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 12pt;">Remediation
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 12pt;">Labs

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">History
<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 12pt;"> SAND School is a part of Hartford Public Schools in Hartford, CT. The school was redesigned in 2009 with the America’s Choice redesign model. At that time 100% of school employees were required to reapply for their previous positions. Only 20% of the “old design” staff were rehired. The remaining 80% were new hires or transfers from other HPS schools. <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 12pt;"> Desi Nesmith was the principal from 2009-2010. Under his leadership the school was able to increase its standardized test scores. However, after his departure in December 2010, the school had an acting principal Latesha Jones. At that time, the school failed to make adequate yearly progress. Prior to the 2011-2012 school year, a new principal Dr. Syliva Hall was hired. During the past 3 years, the school has experienced some staff turnover. However, 60% of the staff hired during the redesign remains at SAND School.

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Mission and Vision
<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 12pt;">SAND School has both a school vision and a mission statement that drive the decisions made by the organization. <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">// School Vision // <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 12pt;">At America’s Choice at SAND School our vision is to create an education environment that is child-centered and supported by the entire school community that will work collaboratively to ensure that all students develop both academically and socially. <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">// School Mission // <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 12pt;">America’s Choice at SAND School must be a community of active learners, where everyone is expected to interact collaboratively as well as think independently. As citizens of the SAND community, we will collaborate with parents and community organizations to develop and implement educational programs ensuring academic and social excellence for all. =<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Three Intervention Strategies = <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 12pt;"> In order to close the performance gap presently experienced by SAND School, there needs to be an immediate intervention. The school must develop a school-wide technology plan and take proactive steps in order to ensure that it is meeting the needs of its students and ensuring academic excellence for all. There are three effective interventions that will allow SAND School to effectively integrate technology in 100% of its classrooms.

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Low-Level Intervention:
<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 12pt;">Tech Tuesdays and Lunch and Learn. <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 12pt;"> Tech Tuesday and Lunch and Learn will be a year-long professional development series offered at SAND School. These sessions will be developed by and for teachers and other staff members. Topics will be selected using a survey created by the Literacy Coach and Principal and given to all staff members in the building. After establishing the topics, teachers will volunteer to run one or more sessions. This professional development series will be flexible and allow for the inclusion of technology topics that are of pressing importance as the year progresses. <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 12pt;"> In addition to these professional development sessions, all staff meetings will start off with a Technology Smackdown. Teachers will have one minute to introduce and demo a new technology, website, or tool that they have found. A running list will be gathered so that teachers who want to learn more are able to connect with the individual who shared the resource.

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Middle-Level Intervention:
<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 12pt;">Technology Integrationist <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 12pt;"> SAND School will develop a technology integrationist position. This position will be a full time staff member. The qualifications will include at least 2-3 years of classroom teaching and demonstrated effectiveness-integrating technology. The primary responsibility of the technology integrationist will be to help teachers incorporate technology effectively into their lesson plans. In addition, the technology integrationist will help develop the school technology plan, maintain and plan for the purchase of building technology, and assist teachers in learning to use technology. The technology integration will meet with each grade level at least once a week to help plan for technology usage. If there is no computer lab teacher hired for SAND School, then this position will also include teaching a formal computer lab lesson for every class at least once a month. <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 12pt;"> The technology integrationist will also be responsible for planning and conducting technology based professional development. This duty will also include the implementation of the Tech Tuesdays and Lunch and Learn series.

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">High-Level Intervention:
<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 16px;">District Level Technology Department <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 12pt;"> This high-end intervention strategy addresses not only the performance gap at SAND School, but the perceived performance gap at the district level. Presently, Hartford Public Schools does not have a technology department dedicated to teaching and learning. Instead the district chooses to outsource technology needs to the City of Hartford. This intervention would require HPS to develop and staff an Educational Technology Department <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 12pt;"> The Ed Tech Department would be a division of the Office of Academics and would be led by a Director of Educational Technology. The qualifications for this position would be classroom-teaching experience, as well as experience in educational technology integration. The Director of Educational Technology would be responsible for planning technology integration at all levels of the curriculum. This individual would also be in charge of planning and conducting district professional development based on the needs of the teachers and administrators. Finally, the director would also be in charge of developing the district technology plan as well as planning for future technology purchases. The goal of this office would be to hire and supervise Technology Integrationists at the school level for all schools in the district. =<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Justification for Intervention Strategy = <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 12pt;"> Of the three intervention strategies developed, the middle-end intervention, the hiring of a Technology Integrationist is the one that will be proposed to SAND School decision-makers and stakeholders. <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 12pt;"> While the other strategies were effective, the low-level intervention requires a large amount of teacher support and dedication. Unfortunately, after speaking with the current principal it is unclear that the present staff is able to dedicate the time to making the Tech Tuesdays and the Lunch and Learn successful. However, because this professional development series will provide much needed professional development to the staff, it has been included in the responsibilities of the Technology Integrationist.

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 12pt;">The high-level intervention requires buy-in from the district and would take much longer for the impact to be felt at the school level, therefore it was not likely to provide SAND School with an immediate resolution. It also will require the development of a new department, which would be required to go to the Board of Education. Again, the present political climate between Hartford Public Schools and the Board of Education would be detrimental to this intervention. Recent board meetings have shown a hostile relationship between the Board and the present Superintendent.

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 12pt;">The middle-level strategy allows for a quick, sustainable resolution to SAND School’s performance gap. The Technology Integrationist will be a much needed resource to the school and will not only help to expand teachers’ knowledge base about technology, but will allow for the organization and maintenance of present technology. There was some concerned voiced by teachers interviewed that a Technology Integrationist would not be respected because they would be a perceived outsider. Because of this is imperative that the Technology Integrationist be a former classroom teacher, preferably from the Hartford Public School district. This qualification would allow the Technology Integrationist to become a change agent and an advocate for technology in the building. In addition, Dr. Hall noted that the staff at SAND School should be a team; therefore the Technology Integrationist would have a least one common planning period with each grade level team. This will allow for them to be an extension and a resource for each grade level team. =<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 12pt;">The Manager's Many Roles = <span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 12pt;"> The project manager’s initial role will be to strategically pinpoint SAND School stakeholders to serve on the Technology Integration Committee. Once a committee has been formed, the project manager’s role will be primarily to lead and motivate the Technology Integration Committee to develop the job description for the Technology Integrationist. The project manager will act as the committee co-chair. The group will elect the other co-chair. The group will gather research from other districts and schools that have a similar position on their staff. After the development of this job description, the project manager will assist the committee in presenting the job description and the intervention plan to the School Governance Committee and principal. <span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 12pt;"> The resources needed for this project will be a small committee of stakeholders from SAND School. Ideally, these stakeholders will consist of parents and staff members. The group will initially use Twitter and other social media sources to connect with schools that presently have a Technology Integrationist or similar position. Once this network is established the group will work to research existing Technology Integrationist job descriptions and goals. Research will be housed on Google Documents allowing all group members to easily contribute and collaborate. Once the committee develops a job description and objectives for the position, the group will develop an interactive presentation using iMovie to advocate for the creation and funding of this position. The committee will use present their findings to the SGC and principal. The committee co-chairs will be responsible for tracking the resources and ensuring that they are being effectively used. The co-chairs will also reevaluate the collaboration and presentation tools if necessary. <span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 12pt;"> The primary delivery system of this project will be the committee members. Once a Technology Integrationist is hired, he/she will head the Technology Integration Committee. At this point, it will be the goal of the committee to develop a school-wide technology plan and present this plan to the SAND School teachers and staff. The committee will also work with the Technology Integrationist to implement various technology initiatives such as the Lunch and Learn and Tech Tuesday professional development series. <span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 12pt;"> Information related to this project will primarily be stored on a Wiki and the group’s Google Documents account. The group will also be responsible for conducting a pre and post survey of the school's technology integration before and after a Technology Integrationist is hired as well as annual reviews of the school’s technology plan. The Technology Integration Committee will also be responsible for maintaining a page on the school’s website dedicated to delivering updates with the school’s technology initiatives to the stakeholders of SAND School. =<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 12pt;">The Manager's as a Change Agent =

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 12pt;"> The implementation of this intervention strategy will take full cooperation from the leadership and staff at SAND School. It will also require advocacy on the part of the present principal in order to get district approval for the Technology Integrationist position. However, the principal when presenting the position to the Hartford Board of Education should use the pre-work that the Technology Integration Committee develops and presents to the School Governance Council.

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 12pt;">Financial and Budget Information
<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 12pt;">The budget for this intervention project is as followed: //<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 12pt;">Explanation of Materials and Costs // <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 12pt;"> Technology Integrationist: Using the 2011-2012 Hartford Public Schools’ estimated average salaries a certified teacher hired for the position of a technology integrationist would make approximately $100,635 including fringe benefits. However, if the person hired for this position was hired as a non-certified IT Support/Lab Tech their salary would be $69,501 with fringe benefits. It will be the committee’s responsibility to determine the qualifications for the position and therefore the starting salary for the individual. <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 12pt;"> Committee Team Extra Pay: According to the Hartford Federation of Teacher’s 2011-2014 contract, teachers serving additional time outside of the school day are entitled to additional compensation at the rate of $32 an hour. It is estimated that the development of the Technology Integrationist job description and presentation will take 10 hours. <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 12pt;"> Miscellaneous Committee Materials: These materials will include chart paper, pens, notebooks, and any other supplies the committee deems necessary for the completion of this task. Office supplies will be purchased through the school approved vendor Office Max.
 * <span style="display: block; font-family: Georgia,serif; text-align: center;">** Materials ** || <span style="display: block; font-family: Georgia,serif; text-align: center;">** Estimated Costs **  || <span style="display: block; font-family: Georgia,serif; text-align: center;">** Potential Vendors **  ||
 * <span style="display: block; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 12pt; text-align: center;">Technology Integrationist || <span style="display: block; font-family: Georgia,serif; text-align: center;">** $69,501- $100,635 **  || <span style="display: block; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 12pt; text-align: center;">Hartford Public School’s Office of Talent Management  ||
 * <span style="display: block; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 12pt; text-align: center;">Committee Team Extra Duty Pay || <span style="display: block; font-family: Georgia,serif; text-align: center;">** $32/hr X 6 people X 10 hrs = $1,920 **  || <span style="display: block; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 12pt; text-align: center;">SAND School Staff (Rate determined by HFT Contract)  ||
 * <span style="display: block; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 12pt; text-align: center;">Miscellaneous Committee Materials || <span style="display: block; font-family: Georgia,serif; text-align: center;">** $500 **  || <span style="display: block; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 12pt; text-align: center;">Office Max  ||

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 12pt;">Project Assessment
<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 12pt;">This project has three main objectives: <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">
 * 1) <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;"> Establish a functioning Technology Integration Committee
 * 2) <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 12pt;">Develop a job description for a full-time Technology Integrationist
 * 3) <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 12pt;">Develop a presentation for the School Governance Committee in order to establish funding for the Technology Integrationist position.

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 12pt;"> In order to assess the ultimate success of this project, there will be both a pre and post school wide survey. These surveys will act as a summative assessment for the project. The pre survey will be conducted prior to the hiring of a Technology Integrationist and used to establish how technology is presently integrated into instructional time. The post survey will be conducted 3 months and 6 months after the hiring of the Technology Integrationist. Both post surveys will be used to establish how technology is being integrated into the instructional day.

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 12pt;"> In order to assess and evaluate the completion of the three main objectives, the project manager will complete a formative assessment report of the project’s success and areas for growth. This report will be completed approximately every two weeks and submitted to both the committee and the principal.

=<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Appendices =

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Appendix A: Formative Assessment Instrument
<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">** Technology Integration Project Bi-Weekly Report **
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">** Date: ** || <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;"> ||
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">** Meeting Times: ** || <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;"> ||
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">** Meeting Objectives: ** || <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;"> ||
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">** How has the project progressed? (Include as much information as possible.) ** || <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;"> ||
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">** Project Strengths ** || <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;"> ||
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">** Project Areas for Growth ** || <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;"> ||
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">** Next Steps ** || <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;"> ||

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Appendix B: Summative Assessment Instrument
<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">** Technology Integration Survey ** <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 12pt;">Survey to be conducted using Google Forms
 * 1) <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;"> 1. What grade(s) do you teach?
 * 2) <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;"> 2. What technology do you presently have?
 * 3) <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;"> 3. How often do you use:
 * 4) a. SMART Board
 * 5) b. Student Computers
 * 6) c. Other:__________
 * 7) <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;"> 4. How much of your instructional day integrates technology?
 * 8) a. All/Most
 * 9) b. Half
 * 10) c. Some
 * 11) d. None
 * 12) <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;"> 5. How do you use technology in the classroom?6. Do you have anything you would like to feature for our Tech Tuesday series?
 * 13) a. To present new information
 * 14) b. For student projects
 * 15) c. Student Assessment
 * 16) d. Skills Practice
 * 17) e. Other: ______________
 * 18) <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;"> 7. What would you like to have featured for our Tech Tuesday series?
 * 19) <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;"> 8. Any additional information you would like to add?
 * 1) <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;"> 8. Any additional information you would like to add?